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by IANS |
New Delhi, June 23 (IANS) As leaders of the world's seven richest nations will gather in Germany this weekend, a report from humanitarian organisation CARE on Thursday said most of the public climate finance reported by rich countries is taken directly from development aid budgets, despite long-standing commitments to provide new money.
At COP15 in 2009, the G7 and other rich countries promised to provide "scaled-up, new and additional finance" to the value of $100 billion a year by 2020 to support the global South with their climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts.
The reported sum of public climate finance provided by these rich countries totals $220 billion over the years 2011-18. Of this, only $99 billion can be considered as "weakly additional to support for development".
Using a stronger definition of additionality, CARE calculates that the figure is alarmingly lower at just $14 billion. Moreover, while it appears that climate finance has increased over time, the proportion seen to be "new and additional" has in fact decreased over eight years.
CARE's analysis uses data reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to assess whether this reported climate finance is in fact "new and additional", as promised in 2009 by the 23 Annex II Parties of the UNFCCC.
Because there is no formalised definition of "new and additional," the analysis utilises two definitions:
One: Strong additionality: The amount of climate finance which has been provided on top of the long-standing international commitment made by rich countries to provide 0.7 per cent of their Gross National Income (GNI) as official development assistance (ODA).
Second: Weak additionality: The amount of climate finance which has been provided by a rich country on top of the level of development finance they contributed in 2009, the year of the COP15 climate finance commitment.
The report finds that the G7 and other rich countries have made use of hollow definitions of "new and additional" to over report their climate finance. Of the total $220 billion reported climate finance, G7 members collectively account for 85 per cent of this figure.
Yet, despite reporting such large quantities of finance, just 0.1 per cent of the climate finance reported by G7 countries was found to be "strongly additional".
G7 countries have therefore failed to provide climate finance on top of their existing development aid obligations and have largely failed to provide 0.7 per cent of their GNI as ODA -- a long-standing pledge made by rich countries, which has been repeatedly endorsed at an international level.
This over reporting means that the G7 have overwhelmingly diverted funds intended for health, education, gender equality and poverty alleviation to climate finance.
John Nordbo, report author and Senior Advocacy Adviser (Climate) at CARE International, said: "It is quite shocking to see that the world's leading nations do not care about their international commitments to support climate and development in poor countries."
"Instead of being the backbone of global governance, these countries, in reality, undermine international cooperation and create mistrust in the rest of the world."
In contrast, just three of the world's richest countries -- Luxembourg, Norway, and Sweden consistently provided "new and additional" climate finance on top of their existing development aid budgets.
These three countries accounted for two per cent of the rich countries' collective GNI and provided 81 per cent of the total $14 billion.
CARE calls upon the G7 and other developed countries to follow the example of Sweden, Norway, and Luxembourg and honour their commitment to provide $100 billion of "new and additional" climate finance.
Pacifica Achieng Ogola, Director, Climate Change Directorate, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Kenya, said: "As the drought situation worsens in Kenya and across East and Horn of Africa, causing malnutrition and threatening the lives and livelihoods of about 20 million people, it is disappointing to see that developed countries still do not honour their climate finance commitments under the Convention and Paris Agreement."
"In 2009, developed countries made a commitment to scaled up, new and additional finance to the value of $100 billion a year by 2020, unfortunately only $80 billion had been mobilised by COP26."
"Ahead of COP27 developed country parties must demonstrate that they are serious on delivering on their climate finance commitments, including doubling up finance for adaptation. It is also essential that the Glasgow dialogue on New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance (post 2025) leads to enhanced international support for adaptation and loss and damage with new and additional grant-based finance which is non-ODA."
Over the past month, G7 ministers have reiterated their existing commitment to support adaptation and mitigation efforts in the global South and to meet the $100-billion goal, which is now expected to be met in 2023.
Yet, the report reveals these endorsements are yet to be backed by adequate funds.
The US, for example, is responsible for just eight per cent of the total $220 billion of reported climate finance -- a mere 0.01 per cent of its GNI.
As the world's largest economy, accounting for 24 per cent of global GNI in 2018, and as champion of the 2009 Copenhagen Accord, the US falls well short of shouldering its responsibility to provide its fair share of international climate finance.
Karl Deering, Senior Director of Climate Justice, CARE US, said: "In March, the US Congress approved $1 billion for international climate finance for 2022, falling far short of the Biden administration's pledge to provide $11.4 billion annually. This lack of action from the US Congress has serious repercussions for those nations at the frontline of the climate crisis who need immediate finance for adaptation and mitigation."
